Darwinism with a Marxist Flavor: When Politics Turns the Course of Science into Ideology

Darwinism with a Marxist Flavor: When Politics Turns the Course of Science into Ideology Charles A. Leone said, “Science cannot remain free in a social system that seeks to control the intellectual and spiritual life of a nation, and the validity of a scientific theory can never be judged by its willingness to offer answers that are in accordance with the will of the political leadership.” Europe experienced a general tendency to make everything mechanical and experimental, and the scientists of human studies, especially psychology, sought to form a complex Marxist framework to reach the parallels of physics, in terms of measurement and control, and then work on the re-formation of humans and their societies, and the first to start dealing with the social sciences in a purely physical way: "Auguste Comte", to study man as we study plants and animals, and called it "social physics". Inevitably, the concept of social and historical determinism was derived from classical physical determinism, so that societies developed into what he considered to be the ideal state (communism), and Marx was influenced by the ideas of Darwin's theory and his friend Engels was briefed on (the origin of species) 1859, and sent him praise for Darwin's book, then a year later Marx replied to Engels saying: Darwin’s book provides the basis of natural history based on a materialist view of the world, and a year later he wrote a letter to another friend asserting that Darwin’s book provides a basis in the natural science of the class struggle. "Darwin’s work is most important and suits my purpose in that it provides a basis in natural science for the historical class struggle." After rereading the origin of the species for a second time, Marx wrote: "Darwin amazed me because he was able to transmit Malthus' ideas to plants and animals as well." Marx sent Darwin permission to write a dedication at the beginning of Capital, but the latter apologized for seeing the beginnings of a new cultural battle he did not want to fight, and sent him a copy of the second edition: "To Mr. Charles Darwin from his devoted admirer Karl Marx". Marxist philosophy considered human society as a flexible subject that can be modified, and painted for them an imaginary framework for its previous development and the necessary human reason of the required development or inevitable development, and left scientists have contaminated most of the historical science with their terminology, such as the term primitive man and primitive societies, for example John Desmond Bernal author of the book (Science in History), which merged Marxist philosophy with science until the content of his scientific writings praise of socialism. One of their projects at the beginning of the Soviet era was to dismantle the family as a backward social unit so that they deliberately employed the man and his wife in two different cities! One of the fruits of the Marxist experience are the relentless attempts to eradicate religion and the religious as a kind of development of societies, as well as the adoption of scientific views that agree with the officially adopted communist philosophy, which we briefly discuss in this article ... In the biological field, the Lamarckian formula was adopted from Darwin's theory of easy inheritance of acquired traits, Mendelian genetics was rejected, and anyone who believed in or worked on it for decades was persecuted, but scientists in the rest of the non-Marxist world were free to reformulate ancient Darwinism and incorporate Mendelianism into it in an attempt to overcome the obstacles of genetics. Trofim Lysenko The story of Trofim Lysenko in the Soviet Union became a school model for cases of ideological political interference in the course of science, the botanist Lysenko appointed by Joseph Stalin as director of biology, and possessed a mandate from Stalin so that every opinion he gave was taken as an official doctrine of the state and the party. Morgan described it as a strange, impractical, idealistic, bourgeois capitalist product, and adopted an alternative science that adopted neo-Lamarckism as a formula for evolution, and the lamarckism axis that the traits acquired in the bodies of parents are automatically inherited by children, and was in the beginning an accepted idea because it spread before genetics and mutations were clearly known, and this idea did not spread, of course, in the name of Lamarckism. In the Soviet Union, because Lamarck belonged to an aristocratic class to which the Communists did not want any credit, the same Lamarckian idea was adopted with its attribution to the Soviet botanist and geneticist Ivan Michurin, who was famous for improving and hybridizing fruit trees after his death in 1935. The Marxist government in the Soviet Union is delighted and enthusiastic because it has agreed with its Marxist philosophy of engineering and reconstructing a communist social utopia, which is the inevitable ideal, and this ideological political orientation rejects the existence of a firmness in heredity, which was imposed by the Mendelian idea and in turn accepts Marxist thought better Lamarckism as its formula Lysenkoism, which allows rapid changes to be passed on to new generations, and so on based on flexible inheritance ideas that allow the transfer of quickly acquired qualities, the Soviets thought that they could force plants and animals, and even Soviet and human society as well, to accept rapid developments that serve practical requirements, and then continue to exist in the next generations. In more than one left-wing country, such as Poland, "Lesenkoism" was seen as an integral part of "socialist realism". Official publication shows world affected by new Soviet genetics Imperial bureau of plant breeding and genetics The biggest famine in history: the fruit of Maoist politics in China The Chinese Mao government has imposed unrealistic policies in agriculture to raise productivity, such as the adoption of convergent agriculture. At the beginning of grain production, the plant depends on what the grain of nutrients are stored, but at a later stage it depends on the soil around it and because of the presence of plants very close to each other, the result of the failure of agriculture, and these policies imposed by the central Marxist government in China, the largest famine known in history between 1958 and 1962. German scientist Paul Kammerer's suicide One scientist who was enthusiastic about the idea of changing animals or directing evolution directly in a lamachi way, and he did several researches, including research on a type of treatment midwife toad, and claimed that he made a change to reflect some of the characteristics of reproduction, making it closer to a predecessor to reproduce in water, but after one scientist asked to examine the evidence that Kamererer retained for seven years, the other scientist discovered in 1926 that Kamerer had modified the results using Indian ink. How to photograph the Camerer suicide in the communist state: As usual Marxists should be blamed on the devil that they know is "capitalism", so the prince of the world's laboratory infiltrates the plot of the Indian prince, and then the prince of the world's laboratory re-creates the story of Camerer, he does not talk about a young scientist living in a central European city, and this young scientist devotes all his excess time to helping the general public, and his research on salamanders provides direct evidence on the inheritance of acquired qualities, but the bishop of the city cathedral hears of the world that the inheritance of acquired qualities. He embarrasses the world and is fired from his job, ends up begging in the streets with a monkey he used in the laboratory to conduct experiments, and then moves to a serious stage, where help arrives to the world from the Soviet Union, and what she saw him on the verge of suicide took him directly with her by train to Moscow, where she asked for the help of the authorities, and the education official gave the necessary help to the brave world, as he was received by a gathering of peasants in the land of freedom "Soviet Union"! The vision of the biologists in the Soviet Union for the possibility of inheriting traits was so confident, that some of them boasted of their ability to grow fruit trees towards the colder north, until they challenged that they would grow them in the Arctic, and some of those who studied in the Soviet Union were influenced by this propagandism and atheistic arrogance, from talking about total control of nature, Lysenko claimed – and before his presidency of the Lenin Academy of Sciences was a little bit. In 1948 Lysenko took absolute control of biology, when he declared in a speech that Stalin personally helped to formulate that he rejected Mendel's genetics research and that those who supported Mendel's research were the enemies of the Soviet people, and then expelled scientists who disagreed with Lysenko's opinion and persecuted and disappeared some of them from existence, and then I discovered the natural result of Soviet biology, where agriculture was disrupted and a series of failures in agricultural crops emerged. In contrast to the scientific sabotage that took place in the Soviet Union, science progressed in the rest of the world, where there are no political and ideological restrictions on the work of scientists as happened in the Marxist left state, and finally it should be noted that Soviet biologists had succeeded in experimental modification of some plants, but fell to exaggeration and fanaticism and arrogant insistence on error, and today Lamarckism is again moderately integrated in the research "supergenes" in a scientific formula that makes the genes and the environment effective! The book "Soviet Genetics and Science in the World, Lysenko and the Meaning of Genetics", by Julian Huxley, the picture shows Lysenko and behind him another Soviet scientist. References: 1- Charles A. Leone, "Lysenko versus Mendel," Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 1952. 2- Willy Ley, Salamanders and Other Wonders: Still More Adventures of a Romantic Naturalist, The Viking Press, New York, 1955. https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/lysenkoism.htm 3- "The International Workshop on Lysenkoism", Harriman Institute, Columbia University, December 5, 2009. http://harriman.columbia.edu/event/international-workshop-lysenkoism-0 4- Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, Free Press; 1st Printing edition (February 3, 1997). 5- Richard Weikart (1999), "Socialist Darwinism: Evolution in German socialist thought from Marx to Bernstein", International Scholars Publications. Official publication shows world affected by new Soviet genetics Imperial bureau of plant breeding and genetics - Dr. Abdullah Muslim — Source: Brahin Center website - Posted on 2014-08-07 (archived at the Internet Archive) https://braheen.com/articles/science-scientism/الدارونية-بنكهة-ماركسية-عندما-تؤدلج-السياسة-مسارات-العلم