The developmental complexity of bat wings.

The bone of developmental complexity of transmission and the need for new synaptic regulatory circuits can be inferred by the fact that Bmp2 (bone-enhancing protein 2), which promotes cartilage cell differentiation and maturation (formation of cartilage) and finger elongation in the bat wing, can cause mammals that are unable to fly with the same apoptosis (programmed cell death) as the membrane, which is also stretched between the fingers of the fetus. Without Germlin and Fgf8 bats can have long fingers but no wings! Of course the question arises: how can long finger picking be done without opposing the apoptotic efficacy of the Bmp2 already in place? As Norberto Gianni comments: "Some regulatory effects that generate a long finger and a tissue hand have opposite effects in themselves, except in the case of tight detail of the expression model in the developing hand plate. For example, raising the expression of Bmp2 [increased level] is required to lengthen the fingers, but its expression causes cellular death in the tissue between the fingers, so a special model and additional organizations are required to produce long fingers and the finger membrane [increased level]." This implies that the emergence of this salient new trait appears to have involved the employment of complex and simultaneous offsets of new genetic circuits, which work harmoniously to generate long fingers and tissue between them; a discovery that contradicts the Darwinian idea of gradually emerging traits through a succession of individual genetic changes. More: https://braheen.com/publications/التطور-ما-تزال-نظرية-في-أزمة — Source: Published on Facebook's "Braheen Center" page https://www.facebook.com/braheen.org/posts/pfbid0oFG4kgDut9RSp1N5G1oDTmsSt9QFXmVjvg6G9wghXfpNx2gAqpYJLRNTA8yPrv5bl