As we increase the intensity of light the more electrons are emitted; but the energy of each electron remains constant without increase. Whether the falling light is weak or strong, the energy of each electron is equal to hf, i.e., the product of the frequency of light multiplied by the value of the general physical constant h...
The greater the intensity of light, the more electrons are emitted; but the energy of each electron remains constant. Whether the falling light is weak or strong, the energy of each electron is equal to h, i.e., the product of the frequency of light multiplied by the value of the general physical constant h, known as Planck's constant.
Einstein concluded from this scientific fact that electrons gain energy in small, discrete amounts, and that these amounts come from falling light, that the energy in a beam of light is made up of packets later known as "quanta" or "photons."
Since the value of hf is so small, the number of such beams or photons in the usual state of light is so large that the physical qualities of the light beam are not much different from those of a continuous continuous wave. For example: there are one million million photons passing every second in this small black spot (1) in the usual light of the room. The photon nature of light is only shown (or not observable) in special circumstances, as in the experience of the electrophotonic effect.
Further experiments were then conducted on the electrophoton effect to elucidate some of the other properties of photons. When the experiment is conducted using extremely dim light, some electrons are emitted instantaneously once the light source is turned on and before the time it takes for light waves to provide an atom with enough energy to emit electrons. The only explanation for this was that the energy of the wave is distributed over the photons, so that even in the case of weak light there is still a sufficient probability for some of these photons to pass their energy to be emitted.
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Source: Published on Facebook's "Braheen Center" page